企业官网建设流程全解析

magnesium diboride (\(MgB_2\)), a superconductor with a critical temperature of 39 K that shows strong potential in energy, transportation, and medical applications.

二硼化镁是临界转变温度 39 K 的超导体，在能源、交通、医疗领域具备巨大应用潜力。

Spark plasma sintering (SPS) is a well‑established technique that combines uniaxial pressure and pulsed current to achieve rapid densification with good microstructural control [1].

放电等离子烧结（SPS）是一项成熟可靠的工艺，它将单轴压力与脉冲电流相结合，可实现快速致密，同时能够对微观组织实现良好调控 [1]。

well‑established：工艺成熟，设备商业化普及；uniaxial pressure 单轴压力，SPS 石墨模具上下施加轴向压力；microstructural control：晶粒尺寸、孔隙、相组分可控。

Since its superconductivity was first reported in 2001 [14], \(MgB_2\) has been recognized as a promising superconductor due to its critical temperature (\(T_c\)) of 39 K, bridging the gap between conventional low‑temperature superconductors and high‑temperature cuprates.

自 2001 年二硼化镁的超导特性首次被报道以来 [14]，因其 39 K 的临界转变温度\(T_c\)，被公认为极具应用前景的超导体；它填补了传统低温超导体和铜基高温超导体之间的性能空白。

Its simple crystal structure, low material cost, and favorable superconducting properties (particularly in liquid hydrogen temperature ranges) make it suitable for applications in energy, transportation, and medical technologies [15‑18].中文：二硼化镁晶体结构简单、原材料成本低廉，并且拥有优异的超导性能（尤其在液氢温区），适合应用于能源、交通、医疗技术领域 [15‑18]。

However, the widespread use of \(MgB_2\) has been limited by challenges such as poor densification, weak grain connectivity, and insufficient flux pinning in bulk forms fabricated via conventional sintering methods.

然而，采用传统烧结方法制备的\(MgB_2\)块材，存在致密度差、晶粒间连通性弱、磁通钉扎能力不足等问题，限制了它的大规模实际应用。

很快实验就测到了超越铌三锡 (\(Nb_3Sn\)) 的上临界场\(H_{c2}(T)\)曲线

原文：Since its superconductivity was first reported in 2001 [14], MgB₂ has been recognized as a promising superconductor due to its critical temperature (\(T_c\)) of 39 K, bridging the gap between conventional low-temperature superconductors and high-temperature cuprates. 译文：自 2001 年二硼化镁（MgB₂）的超导性首次被报道以来 [14]，因其 39K 的临界温度，被公认为极具前景的超导体；它填补了传统低温超导体与铜基高温超导体之间的温区空白。

原文：Its simple crystal structure, low material cost, and favorable superconducting properties (particularly in liquid hydrogen temperature ranges) make it suitable for applications in energy, transportation, and medical technologies [15–18]. 译文：MgB₂晶体结构简单、原材料成本低廉，超导性能优异（尤其在液氢温区），适合用于能源、交通与医疗领域 [15–18]。

原文：However, the widespread use of MgB₂ has been limited by challenges such as poor densification, weak grain connectivity, and insufficient flux pinning in bulk forms fabricated via conventional sintering methods. 译文：然而，采用传统烧结方法制备的 MgB₂块材，存在致密度差、晶间连接弱、磁通钉扎能力不足等难题，限制了它大规模推广应用。

原文：To address these challenges, advanced sintering techniques such as hot pressing and SPS have been employed to produce high-density MgB₂ with improved grain connectivity and critical current density (\(J_c\)) [19–22].译文：为解决上述难题，热压、SPS 等先进烧结工艺被用来制备高密度 MgB₂，以此改善晶间连接并提升临界电流密度\(J_c\)

原文：MgB₂ thin films exhibit large flux jumps, so-called flux avalanches, at temperatures below about 10 K. 译文：二硼化镁（MgB₂）薄膜在约 10 K 以下会出现大幅磁通跳变，也就是常说的磁通雪崩。

Magnesium diboride (MgB₂) is a lightweight (2.6 g/cm³) practical superconductor with a convenient critical temperature of 39 K.中文：二硼化镁（MgB₂）是一种轻质（密度 2.6 g/cm³）、具备实用价值的超导体，其临界温度为 39 K。

英文：These characteristics promote this material as a strong candidate for portable superconducting applications working in liquid hydrogen (20.28 K).中文：上述特性使其非常适合用于在液氢温区（20.28 K）工作的便携式超导器件。

英文：This observation indicates on compatibility of MgB₂ with clean future hydrogen economy, which is vital for addressing environmental challenges and advancing high-performance superconducting technologies [1,2].中文：这说明 MgB₂与未来清洁氢能体系具备良好适配性，对于应对环境问题、发展高性能超导技术意义重大 [1,2]。

英文：Furthermore, MgB₂ is a multifunctional material being of great interest for emergent applications, such as propellants, batteries, hydrogen storage, and catalysis, as a source material to obtain 2D borophene-like materials (e.g., BH borophane), biomedical field taking advantage of its promising antimicrobial, antitumor, biodegradable, and biocompatible features, heritage and ecology being the latest trends [3 and therein refs.].中文：此外，MgB₂是一种多功能材料，在诸多新兴领域受到广泛关注：可用作推进剂、电池、储氢、催化领域原料；也可作为制备二维类硼烯材料（如 BH 硼烷）的前驱体；依托其优异的抗菌、抗肿瘤、可降解与生物相容性，还可应用于生物医学领域；文物保护与生态方向也是当前新的研究热点 [3] 及其中参考文献。

英文：This type of material is at the core of a clean and sustainable economy promoting new developments, boosting the older ones (e.g., superconductivity) and minimizing the costs for the transition to new and modern materials and technologies.中文：这类材料是清洁可持续经济体系的核心，既能催生新方向，也能赋能传统领域（例如超导），降低新材料、新技术的产业转型成本。

英文：Bulk magnets are of interest for power, energy, transportation, imaging, and other devices [4] where higher magnetic fields above 1 T, not achieved with conventional magnets, are needed.中文：块磁体在电力、能源、交通、成像等设备中极具研究价值 [4]，这类设备需要常规永磁体无法实现的 1 T 以上强磁场。

语法：where修饰 devices；not achieved with conventional magnets插入定语修饰 higher magnetic fields。

英文：Trapped magnetic field \(B_\mathrm{tr}\) is the key parameter for characterization of superconducting bulk magnets.中文：捕获场\(B_\mathrm{tr}\)是表征超导块磁体性能的核心参数。

英文：Theoretical calculations indicate a maximum \(B_\mathrm{tr}\) of 7 T at 5 K [5].中文：理论计算表明，材料在 5 K 下最高捕获场可达 7 T [5]。

英文：Furthermore, the geometry of a MgB₂ bulk part is important for controlling the undesirable flux jumps which decrease the thermomagnetic stability of the magnet during magnetic field loading or exploitation [16].中文：此外，MgB₂块材构件的几何外形，对于抑制磁通跳跃这一负面现象至关重要；磁通跳跃会在加磁或器件运行过程中降低磁体的热磁稳定性 [16]。

英文：Fabrication of parts with complex shapes is not trivial since it is well known that MgB₂ is a brittle and hard material.中文：但制备复杂形状构件并不容易，因为 MgB₂本身硬而脆。